Web Hacking
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Open Redirects & URL Parsing Confusion
How a "low-severity" redirect parameter turns into OAuth token theft, password-reset hijacking, an SSRF bypass, and one of the most effective phishing vectors going. The URL-parser landscape (WHATWG vs RFC 3986 vs Python urllib vs Java URL), the bypass techniques, real incidents (PayPal, GitHub, Microsoft), and per-language defences (PHP/Python/Java/Node/Ruby/.NET/Go).
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